أفعال مركّبيّة
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bail out on [sb],
UK: bale out on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | informal, figurative (abandon: [sb]) | يتخلى عن شخص |
| | James bailed out on Chris and left him to do all the work on his own. |
| barge in on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | informal (interrupt [sb]) | يدخل فجأة على شخص |
| | She barged in on me while I was getting dressed! |
| bear down on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (push, press on) | يضغط على شيء/شخص |
| | Bear down on the pen to make clear carbon copies. |
| bear down on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (weigh heavily upon) | يثقل على شخص |
| | Emma felt the full weight of her financial worries bearing down on her. |
| bear down on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | UK (rush towards) | ينقضّ على شيء/شخص، يندفع نحو شيء/شخص |
| | The truck came bearing down on the brothers as they were crossing the street. |
| bear down on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (approach threateningly) | يهجم على شخص |
| | The man was bearing down on Jim along the path. |
| bring [sb/sth] on vtr phrasal sep | (performer, act: send on stage) (إلى خشبة مسرح) | يستقدم شخصًا/شيئًا، يُدخل شخصًا/شيئًا |
| | It was time to bring on the next act. |
| bug out on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | informal, US (abandon) | يهجر شخصًا، يترك شخصًا |
| | Tammy's dad bugged out on her and her mom when she was a little girl. |
| call in on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | UK (visit) | يزور شخصًا، يمرّ على شخص، يمرّ بشخص |
| | Stef called in on her neighbour on the way to the shops, to ask if he needed anything. |
call on [sb] for [sth],
call upon vtr phrasal insep | (seek help) (المساعدة) | يطلب من شخص شيئًا |
| | John called on his friends for support. |
call on [sb],
call upon vtr phrasal insep | (turn to [sb] for help) | يلجأ إلى شخص |
| | When you need help, then who can you call upon if not your friends? |
call on [sb] to do [sth],
call upon [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (request that [sb] do [sth]) | يطلب أن يفعل شخص شيئًا |
| | The union called on the workers to support a strike. |
| call on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (visit [sb]) | يزور شخصًا |
| | John called on Mary while she was in the hospital. |
| call on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | US (teacher: pick a student to talk) | يختار شخصًا ليجيب |
| | The teacher called on me but I couldn't answer as I hadn't been listening. |
center on [sb/sth],
center upon [sb/sth] (US),
centre on [sb/sth],
centre upon [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep | (have as main topic) | يتركز على شيء/شخص |
| | His talk centered on one key issue. |
center on [sb/sth] (US),
centre on [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep | (have as main purpose) (مجازي) | يدور حول شيء |
| | My grandfather's life centered on his family. |
| cheat on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | informal (be sexually unfaithful to) (بعلاقة جنسية) | يخون شخصًا |
| | Carol admitted that she had cheated on her husband. |
| check up on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (observe progress) | يطمئن على شخص/شيء |
| | | يتحقَّق من شيء |
| | When it's very hot, remember to check up on your elderly neighbors every couple of hours. |
cheer [sb] on,
cheer on [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (shout encouragement to) | يهتف لشخص |
| | We're going to the match to cheer on the team. |
cheer [sb] on,
cheer on [sb] vtr phrasal sep | figurative (encourage, support) | يشجع شخصًا |
| | Ginny thanked her mum for always being there to cheer her on. |
| clamp down on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (be strict, enforce rules) | يطبق على شيء/شخص، يضيّق الخناق على شيء/شخص |
| | The city is clamping down on gang violence. |
| cling on to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (hold tightly) | يتشبّث بشيء/بشخص، يتمسك بشيء/بشخص |
| | When Rob's kayak capsized, he clung on to a rock so as not to be carried away by the current. |
| close in on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (pursuit: get closer) | يقترب من شخص/شيء |
| | Drive faster! The cops are closing in on us! |
| close in on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (make claustrophobic) | يُطبق على شخص/شيء |
| | Inside the small room, he felt like the walls were closing in on him. |
clue [sb] in on [sth],
also UK: clue [sb] up on [sth] vtr phrasal sep | informal (inform) | يُطلع شخصًا على شيء، يُعلِم شخصًا شيئًأ |
| | Can you clue me in on what's going on? |
| come down on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | figurative, informal (punish) | يوبخ شخصًا |
| | The teacher came down on him for his repeated absence. |
| come down on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | (collapse) | ينهار على شخص/شيء |
| | The bedroom ceiling came down on us during the hurricane. |
| come on to [sb] vi phrasal + prep | slang (flirt with [sb]) | يغازل |
| ملاحظة: Commonly used in the continuous |
| | Are you coming on to me? |
| count on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | informal (trust, rely on) | يعتمد على شخص |
| | | يثق بشخص |
| | I included Sheila in the team because I know I can count on her. |
| count on [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep | informal (trust, rely on) | يكون على ثقة |
| | You can count on her to be on time. |
| | كن على ثقة بأنها ستصل في الوقت المحدد. |
| crack down on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | informal (punish) | يشدد إجراءاته مع شخص |
| | Every holiday, police set up checkpoints to crack down on drunk drivers. |
| creep up on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | (approach stealthily) | يتسلل نحو شخص/شيء، ينسلّ نحو شخص/شيء |
| | | يقترب بصمت من شخص |
| | She startled her sister by creeping up on her and shouting "Boo!" |
| creep up on [sb] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (fact, situation: arrive unforeseen) | يباغت شخصًا، يداهم شخصًا |
| | You had better start working now; don't let the deadline creep up on you. |
| cue [sb] in on [sth] vtr phrasal sep | informal (inform about) | يُطلع شخصًا على شيء |
| dawn on [sb] that vtr phrasal insep | figurative (occur to [sb] that) | يُدرك أن، يتنبّه إلى أن |
| | Suddenly it dawned on her that her remarks might have been offensive to the others. |
depend on [sb],
depend upon [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (be supported financially by) (ماليًّا) | يعتمد على شخص |
| | In the 1950s, most women in the US did not do paid work and depended on their husbands. |
depend on [sb],
depend upon [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (rely on [sb]) | يعتمد على شخص |
| | She is a proud lady and doesn't like having to depend on her relatives for help. |
| descend on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | informal (visit [sb] unexpectedly) | يأتي بشكل مفاجئ إلى بيت شخص |
| draw on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (use [sb]'s contribution) | يستعين بشخص |
| | Ruby lives alone, so she draws on her neighbours for help. |
| drop in on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | informal (visit) | يقوم بزيارة سريعة |
| | Matilda enjoys dropping in unannounced on her friends. |
| dump on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | figurative, slang (abuse verbally) | يهين شخصًا |
| | Just because you broke up with Jack doesn't mean you have to dump on him all the time. |
| ease up on [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (treat less harshly) (يعامل شخصًا بصورة أقل قساوة) | - |
| | You may find if you ease up a bit on the child she will behave better. |
| | قد تجد الطفلة أفضل سلوكًا إذا ما عاملتها بصورة أقل قساوة. |
| egg [sb] on vtr phrasal sep | informal (encourage, urge) | يحض، يشجع |
| | The fans cheered for their favorite team, egging them on. |
صيغ مركبة:
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| advise [sb] on [sth] vtr + prep | (counsel [sb] on [sth]) | يقدم مشورة لشخص حول شيء، يقدم استشارات لشخص حول شيء |
| | He was hired to advise the Queen on matters of state. |
| | استُعين به ليقدّم استشاراته للملكة حول شؤون الدولة. |
| advise [sb] on [sth] vtr + prep | (warn about or recommend) | ينصح شخصًا بشيء |
| | Eddie advised us on the best restaurants to visit. |
| aggression on [sth/sb] n | (attack, infringement) | اعتداء على شخص/شيء، تعدٍّ على شخص/شيء |
| | This recent violence against a minority is an aggression on our society as a whole. |
agree with [sb] about [sth],
agree with [sb] on [sth] v expr | (have same opinion about) | يتوافق مع شخص على/حول شيء |
| | We all agreed with Jack about the colour of the new chairs. |
| | توافقنا جميعًا مع جاك على لون المقاعد الجديدة. |
| animadvert on [sth/sb] vi + prep | formal (criticize) | ينتقد شيئًا/شخصًا |
| | The author animadverted on his rival's work. |
| attend on [sb] vi + prep | UK (serve) | يخدم شخصًا |
| | There were several staff to attend on the guests. |
bank on [sth/sb],
bank upon [sth/sb] vi + prep | figurative (rely, bet) | يعتمد على شيء/شخص، يراهن على شيء/شخص |
| | I'm banking on the stock market recovering; otherwise I won't have enough retirement funds. |
batten on [sb],
batten upon [sb] vi + prep | UK, figurative (prosper at [sb]'s expense) | يستغل شخصًا، يستفيد على حساب شخص |
| | The millionaire is famous for gaining his wealth by battening on others. |
| be hell on [sb/sth] v expr | (cause extreme difficulty) | يكون سيئًا جدًّا على شخص/شيء |
| | | يكون مزعجًا جدًّا لشخص |
| | | يكون مضرًّا جدًّا بشيء |
| be on [sb]'s trail v expr | (follow [sb] or evidence of [sb]) | يتعقب شخصًا، يطارد شخصًا |
on behalf of [sb/sth],
on [sb/sth]'s behalf,
also US: in behalf of [sb/sth],
in [sb/sth]'s behalf prep | (in place of [sb]) | بالنيابة عن شخص/شيء |
| ملاحظة: "On behalf of, on sb/sth's behalf" is currently much more common than "in behalf of, in sb/sth's behalf." |
| | I'm phoning on behalf of my daughter, who has lost her voice. |
| | The millionaire sent somebody to bid on the painting on his behalf. |
| | أتصل بك بالنيابة عن ابنتي لأن صوتها مبحوح. // أرسل المليونير شخصًا ينوب عنه في المزايدة على اللوحة. |
bestow [sth] on [sb],
bestow [sth] upon [sb] vtr + prep | formal (present, give [sb]: an award, gift) | يمنح شخصًا شيئًا، يمنح شيئًا لشخص |
| | The head of the Board of Education bestowed the Outstanding Teacher of the Year award on Mrs. Hall. |
| | The king bestowed knighthoods on his most loyal subjects. |
| | منح رئيس لجنة التربية جائزة "أفضل مدرّس" السنوية للسيدة "هول". منح الملك رتبة فارس لأكثر رعاياه ولاءً له. |
| blame [sth] on [sb/sth]⇒ vtr | (attribute: [sth] bad) | يعزو السبب في شيء إلى شخص/شيء |
| | He blamed his lack of concentration on having slept badly that night. |
| | عزا السبب في قلة تركيزه إلى عدم نومه جيدًا في تلك الليلة. |
| blow the whistle on [sb] v expr | figurative (inform on [sb]) | يبلّغ عن شخص |
| | The employee decided to blow the whistle on his employer for the illegal transactions. |
| bludge on [sb] vi + prep | informal, AU (live at [sb] else's expense) | يعيش على حساب شخص |
| | When are you going to get a job and stop bludging on your parents? |
| boomerang on [sb] vi | US, figurative (backfire on) | يرتدّ على شخص |
| | Jessica made one silly mistake and her plan boomeranged on her. |
| bounce [sb] on your knee v expr | (baby, child: dandle) | يدلع، يدلل طفل |
brief [sb] on [sth],
brief [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep | (apprise of) | يُعلم شخصًا بشيء، يُطلع شخصًا على شيء |
| | The chief briefed his agents on the recent developments of the case. |
| | أطلع الرئيس عملاءه على آخر تطورات القضية. |
call [sb] out on [sth],
call out [sb] on [sth] v expr | informal (challenge: on [sth] said, done) | يتحدّى شخصًا إثر شيء |
| | Julia called her uncle out on his offensive remarks. |
| cast a spell on [sb/sth] v expr | figurative (enchant, seduce) (مجازي) | يغوي، يسحر |
| | The skilful musician's passionate performance cast a spell on the entire audience. |
| cast a spell on [sth/sb] v expr | (witchcraft: charm or curse) | يلقي تعويذة على شخص، يلقي تعويذة على شيء |
| | | يفتن |
| cast aspersions on [sb/sth] v expr | (disparage, slander) | يقدح شخصًا، يذمّ شخصًا، ينتقد شخصًا/شيئًا |
| catch [sb] up on [sth] v expr | informal (update [sb] on [sth]) | يُطلع شخصًا على آخر مستجدات شيء |
| | Lisa's colleagues caught her up on the staff changes that had taken place while she was off sick. |
cheating,
cheating on [sb] n | informal (infidelity) | خيانة لشخص |
| | Shelley has had enough of her boyfriend's cheating; she is leaving him. |
| | طفح كيل شيلي من خيانة حبيبها لها، لذا قررت أن تهجره. |
| a check on [sth/sb] n | (person, thing that restrains) | ضابط لشخص/شيء، مراقب لشخص/شيء |
| | The U.S. Congress acts as a check on the president. |
| clap eyes on [sb/sth] v expr | informal (see) | يرى شخصًا/شيئًا، يقع نظره على شخص/شيء |
| close the door on [sb] vtr | (on [sb]: shut door to exclude) | يوصد الباب في وجه شخص |
| on [sb]'s coattails expr | figurative (aided by [sb]'s success) | مستفيدًا من نجاح شخص، بفضل نجاح شخص |
| come down hard on [sb] v expr | informal, figurative (punish) | يُعنِّف، يعاقب، يوبِّخ |
come down on the side of [sb],
come down on [sb]'s side v expr | (choose to support) | يقف إلى جانب شخص |
compare notes,
compare notes on [sb/sth] v expr | (exchange opinions, experiences) | يتبادل الآراء |
| | We met up for lunch to compare notes on our new boss. |
| compliment [sb] on [sth]⇒ vtr | (say [sth] nice to [sb]) | يبدي إعجابه بشيء |
| | | يمدح شخصًا على شيء، يمتدح شخصًا على شيء |
| | Amy complimented me on my new haircut. |
| | أبدت آيمي إعجابها بتصفيفة شعري الجديدة. |
| | ⓘهذه الجملة ليست ترجمة للجملة الإنجليزية مدحها على عملها. |
| concentrate on [sth/sb] vi + prep | (focus your attention on) | يركز على شيء/شخص |
| | I can't speak with you now; I have to concentrate on this reading. |
| | لا أستطيع التكلم معك الآن، فعليّ التركيز على ما أقرأه. |
| confer [sth] on/upon [sb]⇒ vtr | (give or bestow [sth]) | يمنح |
| | The president conferred the medal of honor upon the soldier. |
| congratulate [sb] on [sth]⇒ vtr | (express joy for [sb]) | يهنّئ شخصًا على شيء |
| | Everyone congratulated us on our stroke of luck. |
| conk [sb] on the head v expr | informal (strike on the head) | يضرب شخصًا على رأسه |
dawn on [sb],
dawn upon [sb] v expr | figurative (become apparent) | يُدرك |
| | All of a sudden, the enormity of what I had done dawned on me. |
declare war on [sb/sth],
declare war against [sb/sth] v expr | (state intention to make war with) | يعلن الحرب على شيء/شخص |
| | France declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870. |
| | On July 28th 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. |
depend on [sb] to do [sth],
depend upon [sb] to do [sth] v expr | (rely on [sb] doing [sth]) | يعتمد على شخص لشيء، يتكل على شخص لشيء |
| | I depend on Barbara to drive me to the hospital each week. |
| dependence on [sth/sb] n | (reliance) | اعتماد على شيء/شخص |
| | Her dependence on his income made a divorce impossible. |
| dependency on [sb] n | (reliance on [sb]) | اتكال، اعتماد |
| | The kittens' dependency on their mother lasts only a few weeks. |
| dependent on [sb] adj + prep | (rely on [sb]) | عالة على شخص |
| | Margaret didn't want to be dependent on her son, but she found it difficult to do things for herself now she was older. |
| | لم ترد مارغريت أن تكون عالة على ابنها، ولكن لم يعد سهلاً عليها أن تتّكل على نفسها بعدما كبرت في السنّ. |
| dependent on [sb] for [sth] adj | (rely on [sb] for [sth]) | معتمد على شخص في شيء، متَّكل على شخص في شيء |
| | Elderly people are often dependent on their children or carers for help with their housework and shopping. |
| | غالبًا ما يعتمد المسنون على أولادهم أو على من يعتنون بهم لمساعدتهم في أعمال البيت والتسوق. |
| dependent on [sb] adj + prep | (supported financially) (ماليًّا) | يعتمد على شخص |
| | As I don't have a job, I'm dependent on my parents. |
| | بما أني بلا وظيفة، فأنا أعتمد على أبويّ من الناحية المالية. |
| descend on [sth/sb] vi + prep | figurative (settle on, fall on) (مجازي) | يخيّم على شيء |
| | A blanket of snow descended on the town. |
devolve to [sb/sth],
devolve on [sb/sth],
devolve upon [sb/sth] vi + prep | formal (be transferred) | ينتقل إلى شخص/شيء، يتحوّل إلى شخص/شيء، يؤول إلى شخص/شيء |
| | Power in the UK has devolved to individual nations and regions. |
| die on [sb] vi + prep | informal (abandon [sb] by dying) | يفارق شخصًا، يموت ويترك شخصًا |
| | "Don't you die on me!" she pleaded tearfully. |
| | قالت وهي تبكي: "لا تمت وتتركني!". |
| dish the dirt on [sb] v expr | figurative, slang (share gossip) | نمّ عن شخص |
| do a job on [sb/sth] v expr | (harm or damage) | يؤثر سلبًا في شخص، يُضرّ بشخص |
| | | يُفسد شيئًا، يُضرّ بشيء |
| do a job on [sb] v expr | (deceive) | يخدع شخصًا |
| do a number on [sb] v expr | US, informal (have a bad effect on [sb]) | يقوم بفعلة خسيسة مع شخص |
| dote on [sb] vi + prep | (lavish affection) | يكون مولعًا بشخص |
| | John dotes on his daughter and spoils her rotten. |
| be down on [sth/sb] v expr | informal (dislike) | يكون حاقدًا على شخص/شيء، يكون انتقاديًّا لشخص/لشيء |
| | Why are you so down on James? He has never done anything to hurt you. |
| draw a gun on [sb] v expr | (aim a firearm at) | يستل سلاحه ويصوّب على |
| | To stop the robber, the policewoman drew a gun on him and ordered him to lie on the ground. |
| dump [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep | figurative, slang (responsibility, problem: offload) | يحمّل شخصًا شيئًا، يلقي شيئًا على شخص |
| | Don't try to dump all your work on me - do it yourself! I know you're unhappy, but try not to dump your problems on other people. |
| | لا تحاول أن تلقي كل العمل عليّ، أنجزه بنفسك! أعرف أنك غير سعيد، ولكن حاول ألا تحمّل الآخرين مشاكلك. |
dwell on [sth/sb],
dwell upon vi + prep | (be preoccupied with) | يشغل باله بشيء، يفكر كثيرًا في شيء، يركز كثيرًا على شيء |
| | Try not to dwell on your failures. |
| | حاول ألا تركز كثيرًا على إخفاقاتك. |
| eavesdrop on [sb/sth] vi + prep | (listen secretly to) | يسترق السمع على شيء/لكلام شخص |
| | How did you know that? Were you eavesdropping on my phone call? |
| | كيف عرفت هذا؟ هل كنت تسترق السمع على اتصالي الهاتفي؟ |